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Arduino to MIDI: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "# Arduino to MIDI guide ## Setup 1. Install MIDIUSB library https://docs.arduino.cc/libraries/midiusb/ 2. Add the MIDIUSB.h Library: Go to Tools < Manage Libraries... 3. Search for "MIDIUSB" by Gary Grewal 4. Install the latest version 5. Select your board: Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo (or Pro Micro) ## 🎛️🎚️ Potentiometers / Sliders ### What you need: - 1 potentiometer or slider - 3 wires ### How to connect: ``` Potentiometer: ├─ Left pin / GND..."
 
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# Arduino to MIDI guide
<nowiki>#</nowiki> Arduino to MIDI guide


## Setup
<nowiki>##</nowiki> Setup
 
1. Install MIDIUSB library <nowiki>https://docs.arduino.cc/libraries/midiusb/</nowiki>


1. Install MIDIUSB library https://docs.arduino.cc/libraries/midiusb/
2. Add the MIDIUSB.h Library: Go to Tools < Manage Libraries...
2. Add the MIDIUSB.h Library: Go to Tools < Manage Libraries...
3. Search for "MIDIUSB" by Gary Grewal
3. Search for "MIDIUSB" by Gary Grewal
4. Install the latest version
4. Install the latest version
5. Select your board: Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo (or Pro Micro)
5. Select your board: Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo (or Pro Micro)


## 🎛️🎚️ Potentiometers / Sliders
<nowiki>##</nowiki> 🎛️🎚️ Potentiometers / Sliders


### What you need:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> What you need:


- 1 potentiometer or slider
- 1 potentiometer or slider
- 3 wires
- 3 wires


### How to connect:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> How to connect:


```
```
Potentiometer:
Potentiometer:
├─ Left pin / GND   → GND
 
├─ Left pin / GND   → GND
 
├─ Middle pin / Signal → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
├─ Middle pin / Signal → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
└─ Right pin / VCC / Power  → 5V
 
└─ Right pin / VCC / Power  → 5V
 
```
```


### Code
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Code


```cpp
```cpp
#include <MIDIUSB.h>
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki>include <MIDIUSB.h>


int lastValue = 0;
int lastValue = 0;


void setup() {
void setup() {
  pinMode(A0, INPUT); // ← Change A0 to your pin
 
  pinMode(A0, INPUT);  // ← Change A0 to your pin
 
}
}


void loop() {
void loop() {
  int value = analogRead(A0) / 8;  // ← Change A0 to match setup


  if (value != lastValue) {
  int value = analogRead(A0) / 8;  // ← Change A0 to match setup
    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 1, value};
 
    //                                     ↑ ← CC number
  if (value != lastValue) {
    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 1, value};
    lastValue = value;
 
  }
    //                                      ↑ ← CC number
 
    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
 
    lastValue = value;
 
  }
 
  delay(10);


  delay(10);
}
}
```
```


**To customize:**
<nowiki>**</nowiki>To customize:**


- Change A0 to A1, A2, A3 etc. for different pins
- Change A0 to A1, A2, A3 etc. for different pins
- Change the CC number 1 a different one for every input
- Change the CC number 1 a different one for every input


<nowiki>##</nowiki> 🔘 Note  button


## 🔘 Note  button
<nowiki>###</nowiki> What you need


### What you need
- 1 push button


- 1 push button
- 2 wires
- 2 wires


### How to connect
<nowiki>###</nowiki> How to connect


```
```
Button:
Button:
├─ One side  → Pin 2 (or 3, 4, 5...)
 
├─ One side  → Pin 2 (or 3, 4, 5...)
 
└─ Other side → GND
└─ Other side → GND
```
```


### Code
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Code


```cpp
```cpp
#include <MIDIUSB.h>
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki>include <MIDIUSB.h>


int lastState = HIGH;
int lastState = HIGH;


void setup() {
void setup() {
  pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP); // ← Change 2 to your pin
 
  pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);  // ← Change 2 to your pin
 
}
}


void loop() {
void loop() {
  int state = digitalRead(2);  // ← Change 2 to match setup


  if (state != lastState) {
  int state = digitalRead(2);  // ← Change 2 to match setup
    if (state == LOW) {
 
      // Button pressed
  if (state != lastState) {
      midiEventPacket_t noteOn = {0x09, 0x90, 60, 127};
 
      //                                       ↑  ↑
    if (state == LOW) {
      //                                   note velocity
 
      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOn);
      // Button pressed
    } else {
 
      // Button released
      midiEventPacket_t noteOn = {0x09, 0x90, 60, 127};
      midiEventPacket_t noteOff = {0x08, 0x80, 60, 0};
 
      //                                       ↑
      //                                       ↑   ↑
      //                                     note
 
      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOff);
      //                                    note velocity
    }
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOn);
    lastState = state;
 
  }
    } else {
 
      // Button released
 
      midiEventPacket_t noteOff = {0x08, 0x80, 60, 0};
 
      //                                        ↑
 
      //                                      note
 
      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOff);
 
    }
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
 
    lastState = state;
 
  }
 
  delay(10);


  delay(10);
}
}
```
```


**To customize:**
<nowiki>**</nowiki>To customize:**


- Change pin `2` to `3`, `4`, `5` etc.
- Change pin `2` to `3`, `4`, `5` etc.
- Change note number `60`:
- Change note number `60`:
  - `60` = C (middle C)
 
  - `62` = D
  - `60` = C (middle C)
  - `64` = E
 
  - `65` = F
  - `62` = D
  - `67` = G
 
  - `69` = A
  - `64` = E
  - `71` = B
 
  - `72` = C (one octave higher)
  - `65` = F
 
  - `67` = G
 
  - `69` = A
 
  - `71` = B
 
  - `72` = C (one octave higher)
 
- Change velocity `100` (0-127, higher = louder)
- Change velocity `100` (0-127, higher = louder)
-  
-  


<nowiki>##</nowiki> 📏🪢 Pull sensor / distance sensor


## 📏🪢 Pull sensor / distance sensor
<nowiki>###</nowiki> What you need:


### What you need:
- Any sensor with analog output


- Any sensor with analog output
- Wires as needed for your sensor
- Wires as needed for your sensor


### How to connect:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> How to connect:


```
```
Sensor:
Sensor:
├─ VCC/Power → 5V
├─ VCC/Power → 5V
├─ GND       → GND
 
└─ Signal    → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
├─ GND       → GND
 
└─ Signal    → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
 
```
```


### Code to copy:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Code to copy:


```cpp
```cpp
#include <MIDIUSB.h>
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki>include <MIDIUSB.h>


int lastValue = 0;
int lastValue = 0;


void setup() {
void setup() {
  pinMode(A0, INPUT); // ← Change A0 to your pin
 
  pinMode(A0, INPUT);  // ← Change A0 to your pin
 
}
}


void loop() {
void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);  // ← Change A0 to match setup
  int midiValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 127);
  //                              ↑  ↑
  //                        adjust these if needed


  if (abs(midiValue - lastValue) > 1) { // Ignore tiny changes
  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);  // ← Change A0 to match setup
    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 74, midiValue};
 
    //                                     ↑ ← CC number
  int midiValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 127);
    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
  //                               ↑   ↑
    lastValue = midiValue;
 
  }
  //                         adjust these if needed
 
  if (abs(midiValue - lastValue) > 1) {  // Ignore tiny changes
 
    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 74, midiValue};
 
    //                                      ↑ ← CC number
 
    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
 
    MidiUSB.flush();
 
    lastValue = midiValue;
 
  }
 
  delay(10);


  delay(10);
}
}
```
```


### To customize:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> To customize:


- Change `A0` to your sensor pin
- Change `A0` to your sensor pin
- Change `0, 1023` in the `map()` function if your sensor gives different values
- Change `0, 1023` in the `map()` function if your sensor gives different values
- Change CC number `74` to control different parameters
- Change CC number `74` to control different parameters


<nowiki>###</nowiki> ☎️ CC on/off / Momentary


<nowiki>##</nowiki> 📝 Common Pin Reference


### ☎️ CC on/off / Momentary
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Analog Pins (for sensors & potentiometers):
 
## 📝 Common Pin Reference
 
### Analog Pins (for sensors & potentiometers):


`A0`, `A1`, `A2`, `A3`, `A4`, `A5`
`A0`, `A1`, `A2`, `A3`, `A4`, `A5`


### Digital Pins (for buttons):
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Digital Pins (for buttons):


`2`, `3`, `4`, `5`, `6`, `7`, `8`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `12`, `13`
`2`, `3`, `4`, `5`, `6`, `7`, `8`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `12`, `13`


### Don't use:
<nowiki>###</nowiki> Don't use:


- Pin `0` and `1` (used for USB communication)
- Pin `0` and `1` (used for USB communication)


## Sending notes
<nowiki>##</nowiki> Sending notes


```cpp
```cpp
C4  = 60  (Middle C)
 
C4  = 60  (Middle C)
 
C#4 = 61
C#4 = 61
D4  = 62
 
D4  = 62
 
D#4 = 63
D#4 = 63
E4  = 64
 
F4  = 65
E4  = 64
 
F4  = 65
 
F#4 = 66
F#4 = 66
G4  = 67
 
G4  = 67
 
G#4 = 68
G#4 = 68
A4  = 69
 
A4  = 69
 
A#4 = 70
A#4 = 70
B4  = 71
 
C5  = 72
B4  = 71
 
C5  = 72
 
```
```


Line 214: Line 308:


- C3 = 48 (one octave lower)
- C3 = 48 (one octave lower)
- C5 = 72 (one octave higher)
- C5 = 72 (one octave higher)


## CC
<nowiki>##</nowiki> CC


You can use any CC from 0-119, but these are the most common!
You can use any CC from 0-119, but these are the most common!

Revision as of 12:32, 19 January 2026

# Arduino to MIDI guide

## Setup

1. Install MIDIUSB library https://docs.arduino.cc/libraries/midiusb/

2. Add the MIDIUSB.h Library: Go to Tools < Manage Libraries...

3. Search for "MIDIUSB" by Gary Grewal

4. Install the latest version

5. Select your board: Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo (or Pro Micro)

## 🎛️🎚️ Potentiometers / Sliders

### What you need:

- 1 potentiometer or slider

- 3 wires

### How to connect:

```

Potentiometer:

├─ Left pin / GND   → GND

├─ Middle pin / Signal → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)

└─ Right pin / VCC / Power  → 5V

```

### Code

```cpp

#include <MIDIUSB.h>

int lastValue = 0;

void setup() {

  pinMode(A0, INPUT);  // ← Change A0 to your pin

}

void loop() {

  int value = analogRead(A0) / 8;  // ← Change A0 to match setup

  if (value != lastValue) {

    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 1, value};

    //                                      ↑ ← CC number

    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);

    MidiUSB.flush();

    lastValue = value;

  }

  delay(10);

}

```

**To customize:**

- Change A0 to A1, A2, A3 etc. for different pins

- Change the CC number 1 a different one for every input

## 🔘 Note  button

### What you need

- 1 push button

- 2 wires

### How to connect

```

Button:

├─ One side  → Pin 2 (or 3, 4, 5...)

└─ Other side → GND

```

### Code

```cpp

#include <MIDIUSB.h>

int lastState = HIGH;

void setup() {

  pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);  // ← Change 2 to your pin

}

void loop() {

  int state = digitalRead(2);  // ← Change 2 to match setup

  if (state != lastState) {

    if (state == LOW) {

      // Button pressed

      midiEventPacket_t noteOn = {0x09, 0x90, 60, 127};

      //                                       ↑   ↑

      //                                    note velocity

      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOn);

    } else {

      // Button released

      midiEventPacket_t noteOff = {0x08, 0x80, 60, 0};

      //                                        ↑

      //                                      note

      MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOff);

    }

    MidiUSB.flush();

    lastState = state;

  }

  delay(10);

}

```

**To customize:**

- Change pin `2` to `3`, `4`, `5` etc.

- Change note number `60`:

  - `60` = C (middle C)

  - `62` = D

  - `64` = E

  - `65` = F

  - `67` = G

  - `69` = A

  - `71` = B

  - `72` = C (one octave higher)

- Change velocity `100` (0-127, higher = louder)

-

## 📏🪢 Pull sensor / distance sensor

### What you need:

- Any sensor with analog output

- Wires as needed for your sensor

### How to connect:

```

Sensor:

├─ VCC/Power → 5V

├─ GND       → GND

└─ Signal    → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)

```

### Code to copy:

```cpp

#include <MIDIUSB.h>

int lastValue = 0;

void setup() {

  pinMode(A0, INPUT);  // ← Change A0 to your pin

}

void loop() {

  int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);  // ← Change A0 to match setup

  int midiValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 127);

  //                               ↑   ↑

  //                         adjust these if needed

  if (abs(midiValue - lastValue) > 1) {  // Ignore tiny changes

    midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 74, midiValue};

    //                                      ↑ ← CC number

    MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);

    MidiUSB.flush();

    lastValue = midiValue;

  }

  delay(10);

}

```

### To customize:

- Change `A0` to your sensor pin

- Change `0, 1023` in the `map()` function if your sensor gives different values

- Change CC number `74` to control different parameters

### ☎️ CC on/off / Momentary

## 📝 Common Pin Reference

### Analog Pins (for sensors & potentiometers):

`A0`, `A1`, `A2`, `A3`, `A4`, `A5`

### Digital Pins (for buttons):

`2`, `3`, `4`, `5`, `6`, `7`, `8`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `12`, `13`

### Don't use:

- Pin `0` and `1` (used for USB communication)

## Sending notes

```cpp

C4  = 60  (Middle C)

C#4 = 61

D4  = 62

D#4 = 63

E4  = 64

F4  = 65

F#4 = 66

G4  = 67

G#4 = 68

A4  = 69

A#4 = 70

B4  = 71

C5  = 72

```

Each octave adds or subtracts 12:

- C3 = 48 (one octave lower)

- C5 = 72 (one octave higher)

## CC

You can use any CC from 0-119, but these are the most common!

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Last modified
This page was last modified on 19 January 2026, at 12:32.