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| # Arduino to MIDI guide
| | [[File:Arduino to MIDI guide.pdf|thumb|PDF]] |
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| ## Setup
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| 1. Install MIDIUSB library https://docs.arduino.cc/libraries/midiusb/
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| 2. Add the MIDIUSB.h Library: Go to Tools < Manage Libraries...
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| 3. Search for "MIDIUSB" by Gary Grewal
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| 4. Install the latest version
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| 5. Select your board: Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo (or Pro Micro)
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| ## 🎛️🎚️ Potentiometers / Sliders
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| ### What you need:
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| - 1 potentiometer or slider
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| - 3 wires
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| ### How to connect:
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| ```
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| Potentiometer:
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| ├─ Left pin / GND → GND
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| ├─ Middle pin / Signal → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
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| └─ Right pin / VCC / Power → 5V
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| ```
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| ### Code
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| ```cpp
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| #include <MIDIUSB.h>
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| int lastValue = 0;
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| void setup() {
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| pinMode(A0, INPUT); // ← Change A0 to your pin
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| }
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| void loop() {
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| int value = analogRead(A0) / 8; // ← Change A0 to match setup
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| if (value != lastValue) {
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| midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 1, value};
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| // ↑ ← CC number
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| MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
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| MidiUSB.flush();
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| lastValue = value;
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| }
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| delay(10);
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| }
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| ```
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| **To customize:**
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| - Change A0 to A1, A2, A3 etc. for different pins
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| - Change the CC number 1 a different one for every input
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| ## 🔘 Note button
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| ### What you need
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| - 1 push button
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| - 2 wires
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| ### How to connect
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| ```
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| Button:
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| ├─ One side → Pin 2 (or 3, 4, 5...)
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| └─ Other side → GND
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| ```
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| ### Code
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| ```cpp
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| #include <MIDIUSB.h>
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| int lastState = HIGH;
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| void setup() {
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| pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP); // ← Change 2 to your pin
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| }
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| void loop() {
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| int state = digitalRead(2); // ← Change 2 to match setup
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| if (state != lastState) {
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| if (state == LOW) {
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| // Button pressed
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| midiEventPacket_t noteOn = {0x09, 0x90, 60, 127};
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| // ↑ ↑
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| // note velocity
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| MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOn);
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| } else {
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| // Button released
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| midiEventPacket_t noteOff = {0x08, 0x80, 60, 0};
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| // ↑
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| // note
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| MidiUSB.sendMIDI(noteOff);
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| }
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| MidiUSB.flush();
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| lastState = state;
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| }
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| delay(10);
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| }
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| ```
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| **To customize:**
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| - Change pin `2` to `3`, `4`, `5` etc.
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| - Change note number `60`:
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| - `60` = C (middle C)
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| - `62` = D
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| - `64` = E
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| - `65` = F
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| - `67` = G
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| - `69` = A
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| - `71` = B
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| - `72` = C (one octave higher)
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| - Change velocity `100` (0-127, higher = louder)
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| -
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| ## 📏🪢 Pull sensor / distance sensor
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| ### What you need:
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| - Any sensor with analog output
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| - Wires as needed for your sensor
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| ### How to connect:
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| ```
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| Sensor:
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| ├─ VCC/Power → 5V
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| ├─ GND → GND
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| └─ Signal → A0 (or A1, A2, A3...)
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| ```
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| ### Code to copy:
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| ```cpp
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| #include <MIDIUSB.h>
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| int lastValue = 0;
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| void setup() {
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| pinMode(A0, INPUT); // ← Change A0 to your pin
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| }
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| void loop() {
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| int sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // ← Change A0 to match setup
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| int midiValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 127);
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| // ↑ ↑
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| // adjust these if needed
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| if (abs(midiValue - lastValue) > 1) { // Ignore tiny changes
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| midiEventPacket_t event = {0x0B, 0xB0, 74, midiValue};
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| // ↑ ← CC number
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| MidiUSB.sendMIDI(event);
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| MidiUSB.flush();
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| lastValue = midiValue;
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| }
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| delay(10);
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| }
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| ```
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| ### To customize:
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| - Change `A0` to your sensor pin
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| - Change `0, 1023` in the `map()` function if your sensor gives different values
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| - Change CC number `74` to control different parameters
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| ### ☎️ CC on/off / Momentary
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| ## 📝 Common Pin Reference
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| ### Analog Pins (for sensors & potentiometers):
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| `A0`, `A1`, `A2`, `A3`, `A4`, `A5`
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| ### Digital Pins (for buttons):
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| `2`, `3`, `4`, `5`, `6`, `7`, `8`, `9`, `10`, `11`, `12`, `13`
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| ### Don't use:
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| - Pin `0` and `1` (used for USB communication)
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| ## Sending notes
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| ```cpp
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| C4 = 60 (Middle C)
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| C#4 = 61
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| D4 = 62
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| D#4 = 63
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| E4 = 64
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| F4 = 65
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| F#4 = 66
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| G4 = 67
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| G#4 = 68
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| A4 = 69
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| A#4 = 70
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| B4 = 71
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| C5 = 72
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| ```
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| Each octave adds or subtracts 12:
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| - C3 = 48 (one octave lower)
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| - C5 = 72 (one octave higher)
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| ## CC
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| You can use any CC from 0-119, but these are the most common!
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